C# in , out , ref , params
params 修飾詞
MSDN當傳入array時可用,此時參數的數目不定
可傳入陣列
可傳入元素
可以什麼都不傳,此時陣列長度為0
在params之後不許有其他參數(params要放在最後一個參數)
且只能有一個params
//當有這樣一個陣列
Object[] ary = new object[3] { 300, 'x', "abc" };//這個方法的參數宣告為params
private void TestFunc(params Object[] ary)//我們可以直接傳入一組物件
TestFunc(200,'d',"xxx");
完整範例
public class MyClass { public static void UseParams(params int[] list) { for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) { Console.Write(list[i] + " "); } Console.WriteLine(); } public static void UseParams2(params object[] list) { for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++) { Console.Write(list[i] + " "); } Console.WriteLine(); } static void Main() { // You can send a comma-separated list of arguments of the // specified type. UseParams(1, 2, 3, 4); UseParams2(1, 'a', "test"); // A params parameter accepts zero or more arguments. // The following calling statement displays only a blank line. UseParams2(); // An array argument can be passed, as long as the array // type matches the parameter type of the method being called. int[] myIntArray = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; UseParams(myIntArray); object[] myObjArray = { 2, 'b', "test", "again" }; UseParams2(myObjArray); // The following call causes a compiler error because the object // array cannot be converted into an integer array. //UseParams(myObjArray); // The following call does not cause an error, but the entire // integer array becomes the first element of the params array. UseParams2(myIntArray); } } /* Output: 1 2 3 4 1 a test 5 6 7 8 9 2 b test again System.Int32[] */
ref 修飾詞
MSDN把參數用傳參考的方式傳入函式
在宣告和呼叫的參數前都加上ref
參數在傳遞前一定要初始化
被傳入的參數,在函式被修改,也會改到他原本的值
屬性不能做為ref的參數
這樣子不構成重載,會報錯
public void SampleMethod(out int i) { } public void SampleMethod(ref int i) { }這樣子可以
public void SampleMethod(int i) { } public void SampleMethod(ref int i) { }
out 修飾詞
MSDN把參數用傳參考的方式傳入函式
參數在傳遞錢不一定要初始化
在宣告和呼叫的參數前都加上out
被傳入的參數,在函式被修改,也會改到他原本的值
函式可宣告多個out參數
在函式中一定要對out參數附值,否則報錯
直接在函式中修改out參數,就等於是回傳值
private void Test(out int a, out int b) { a =3; b=5; } private void Call() { int x=0; int y=4; } Test(out x, out y);
參數原本的值會被更動
class OutReturnExample { static void Method(out int i, out string s1, out string s2) { i = 44; s1 = "I've been returned"; s2 = null; } static void Main() { int value; string str1, str2; Method(out value, out str1, out str2); // value is now 44 // str1 is now "I've been returned" // str2 is (still) null; } }
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